The American Civil War Was A National Conflict - 2083 Words

Alissa Grieco The American Civil War was a national conflict that desperately divided the nation and brought about dramatic changes to America for years to come. The once powerful country found itself at war with its own people. Differences between the North and the South involving different economies and poltiical beliefs began to develop and became problmatic. The idea of slavery in territories also caused more tension that caused several Southern states to seced from the Union and form their own nation known as the Confederate States of America. On April 12th 1961 Confederate soldiers attacked the Union at Fort Sumner and the Civil War officially began. The war would continue until May 9th 1965. These four years of war would bring many changes to the nation. The war brought battles close to home and many Americans experienced war for the first time. The war brought trauma and horror to American soil and many men went to war to fight for their side. The war affected the population as a whole but the Civil War brought new experiences to women in both the Union and Confederate states. Many women witnessed war for the first time and were introduced to new ways of life. Prior to the war opportunities were very limited for women and often females would not work outside of the household. They lived in a male dominated society where womens duties including caring for the household and family. The war would allow women to serve important roles in the war effort as well as takeShow MoreRelatedRace And Reunion : The Civil War1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmajority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regarding this catastrophic conflict between NorthernersRead MoreWars And Changes During The United States Essay1181 Words   |  5 PagesWars and Changes in The United States The United States of American is a superpower in the world. Although it just have almost 240 years’ history, it experienced more than 200 wars. As a saying does, â€Å" Bad times make a good man†, the United States never lack of great leaders. For example, George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, and Franklin Roosevelt were the three well-known presidents in the U.S. history. Additionally, wars and conflicts changed the United States directly and indirectly. ForRead MoreCauses Of The American Civil War760 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most momentous and pivotal periods in U.S history. After decades of tension between the North and South over matters involving expansion, slavery, and the states rights these caused the beginning of a horrific devastating time known as the American Civil War, that lasted between 1861-1865. Within these 4 long barbaric and destructive years, it led to an innumerous amount of political, social, and economical changes for the U.S. Leaving 2.4 million dead and millionsRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1335 Words   |  6 Pageswarfare of the 21st century it is easy to say that the American Civil War was simply put, a very traditional war. Thinking of modern tactics and a course of numbers and deployment one might come to the conclusion that the Civil War was fought centuries ago; nevertheless, it only occurred 152 years ago. This hard fought national struggle was in fact a very modern war for many simple reasons, including the emergence of a new form of large national government with centralized authority, new state runRead MoreEssay about The Revolutionary War1417 Words   |  6 PagesRevolutionary War The Revolutionary War started on April 19, 1775 at Lexington and Concord. America was very much unprepared with no central government or army. The congress stepped up as the government and began to organize an army. The Revolutionary War did not end until September 3, 1783 with the signing of the final peace treaty between America and Great Britain. The victory in the Revolution War led to the birth of a new independent nation. After the Revolution it was a time of cooperationRead MoreWhat Is Civil Conflict Intervention? Essay1636 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Civil Conflict Intervention? Civil intervention is a sensitive topic to discuss. Is it the obligation of other countries to get involved with civil affairs that take place in foreign lands? Is there a responsibility amongst the international community to aid people, who’s rights have been violated? Many people would argue yes to these questions; however, there are several reasons why countries should never intervene in civil conflict. The words that must first be outlined and understood toRead MorePrimary Causes Of The Civil War820 Words   |  4 Pagesstandpoints on why the Civil War had been fought but the primary reason why the Civil War started over uncompromisable differences between free Southern states and pro-slavery Northern states and their controversy over government power and slave laws. Fought during April of 1861 to 1865, the Civil War had divided the country into a frenzy against each other. In fact, a devastating 620,000 soldiers had died from accident, combat, starvation and disease, the deadliest war in American history. To add toRead MoreUS Civil War1519 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿The American Civil War created the nation of the United States as we know it today. The bloodiest war in the history of the nation, the victory was a combination of many factors and many battles that finally resulted in a Union victory. But why would a nation engage in combat so fiercely that more Americans were lost in the one war than in the American Revolution, WW1, WW2 and the Vietnam War combined? The main cause of the American Civil War was slavery. According to historian David GoldfieldRead MoreThe Advantages And Disadvantages Of The American Civil War1145 Words   |  5 Pagesboth sides during the civil war The American Civil War started in 1861 and ended in 1865. The two sides of the war are the Union (North) and Confederacy (South). The South wanted to keep slavery to maintain their economy and they worried that the North would end slavery. The South then seceded, starting the conflict. Around 620,000 people died in the war. Both sides of the war had advantages and disadvantages in the Civil War. Population in the South was small because it was based around farmingRead MoreThe Conflict Of The Civil War950 Words   |  4 Pages This vexing issue was not only a matter of physically disposing of the dead, but a spiritual and moralistic crisis that tore at the religiosity of the citizens of both the North and South. Moreover, death in the Civil War impacted the lives of hundreds of thousands of individuals. Moreover, these Americans lived the rest of their lives in perpetual sorrow, and grief due to the loss of their loved ones. (266) Nevertheless this created a crisis of faith in Civil War Americans. The very thought of

Essay on Foxwoods (gambling) - 1401 Words

There are many reasons why people gamble and what the advantages and disadvantages are of risking your bank account on the roll of the dice or the luck of the draw. I originally set out to try and explain why people gamble, but I realized that gambling is just as much of a business or industry as anything else. I researched Foxwoods casino, in CT, and the business behind that. From there I will attempt to explain the â€Å"cause and effect† of gambling. Gambling has made much more sense to me now, and I hope it will do the same for you. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Foxwoods resort casino, the largest of its kind in North America and most profitable casino in the world, got its start with the advent of a bingo hall in 1987. At this time the†¦show more content†¦In 1995, Mickey Brown stated that the tribe had given the state of Connecticut $307 million since 1991 and since 1992, Foxwoods spent $319 million on goods and services. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;All of the success the Pequots have experienced has occurred due to the signing of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (IGRA) on October 17, 1988. This act permitted class III gaming establishments by American Indian Tribes. The Act stated that Tribal governments were the primary regulators on Indian Gaming but that the Tribes were required to negotiate with their specific states to conduct a Class III gambling establishment. This is called the state regulatory layer to state-tribal compact agreements. After the IGRA was passed the Pequots pursued a Malaysian rubber company of Genting International requesting a loan, which they eventually secured. It was paid off in just seven months. Genting International also lent the tribe an additional $142 million for expansion and a 610 – room hotel and formed a partnership to build a second 330 – room hotel nearby. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The pact between the State of Connecticut and The Mashantucket Pequots gave the Pequots the exclusive right to operate slot machines. This was amended on April 25, 1994, when the State, the Mohegan Tribe, and the Mashantucket Pequot Tribe singed an agreement that allowed the Mohegan tribe to operate slotShow MoreRelatedPorter s Five Forces Industry Based Model1523 Words   |  7 Pageslicense fees and costs. (Grimaldi, 2015) Mohegan has competitors within the New England region such as Fox woods and Wynn resort. Geography can limit the draw of a casino depending on the region, as many potential customers will have to pass other gambling halls to get to a new entrants location. A new company will be forced to catch up with competitors and perhaps might win over the current competitors. Another issue for Mohegan sun is, some competitors might not need state license to operate withinRead MoreShould Casinos Be Legalized?1514 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever longed to go there and try your hand at a fortune? Almost everyone has a dream that they’ll win big, and this is why towns such as Las Vegas have such a strong appeal to the public. The problem arises when people visit casinos and take gambling too far. For some this form of entertainment turns into an addiction. This creates a rather big controversy whether casinos should or should not be legalized in certain countries such as Thailand. Some c laim that it should be legalized because casinosRead MoreThe Effects of Gambling on Society1594 Words   |  7 PagesAs gambling becomes more and more prevalent in todays society, one must look at the positive and negative aspects of the construction of casinos and other gambling establishments. While casinos have been shown to benefit local economies by creating jobs and generating tax revenues, they also lead to many social problems such as increased suicide, crime, accident, and high-school drop out rates. For example, in Indiana, a study shows its ten riverboat casinos are to blame for $1 million worth ofRead MoreThe Case Of The Fbi Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesauthorities at that hearing. In fact, that same hearing featured written testimony from Jim Moody, the FBI’s former Chief of the organized-crime section. â€Å"The FBI does not see a ‘coordinated, concerted effort’ by organized-crime families to raid the Indian gambling industry,† wrote Moo dy. â€Å"As legalized gaming spreads throughout the United States, we are seeing that those states with strong regulations and enforcement are not experiencing an influx of organized crime activity.† Obviously, a cash-heavy, multi-billionRead MoreLegalized Gambling2290 Words   |  10 PagesEconomic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Class # Title By Charles Conner Baltimore, Maryland December 6, 2005 Professor: Dr. Ira Sohn The Economic Impacts of Legalized Gambling Introduction The effect of gambling on the standard of living will be pronounced if the gambling activity is regressive, meaning that the rate of participation (as a percentage of income) declines as people earn higher incomes. In other words, if most gamblers are poor, then gambling is more likely to affectRead MoreIts Time to Legalize Slots in the State of Maryland Essay1807 Words   |  8 Pages The issue of legalizing slots and/or legalized gambling in the State of Maryland is a complex one, and one of great consequence to both the State’s residents, and the future of the State itself. Maryland Governor Robert Ehrlich’s slots bill proposes that the State place a total of 15,500 slot machines or video poker machines in six different locations, three of which would be chosen from a pool of four Maryland racetracks. The racetracks that would be eligible to install slots or video poker machinesRead More Gambling Casinos Essay868 Words   |  4 Pages Gambling Casinos: A Plague on Society Gamblers no longer need to trek to Las Vegas or Atlantic City to find the action they so badly crave. It is available today in their own hometowns. Legalized gambling is one of the fastest growing industries in the United States. Gambling’s tremendous popularity is evident in the recent increase in the number of off-track betting parlors (OTB’s) and riverboat casinos that dot the midwest and the Mississippi Delta. Billboards on major highways depict theRead MoreGambling in The Bahamas: Should it Be Legalized? 1821 Words   |  7 PagesBahamians about their views on gambling. The referendum asked Bahamians if they supported the regularization and taxation of web shop gaming. As noted in the results, the mass of the Bahamian people voted no against the referendum. Today, the gambling issue has reawakened and Bahamians are now in a fight against the laws of their country. Several Bahamians believe that the law discriminates against Ba hamians because it prohibits Bahamians from owning and legally gambling in casinos within in their homelandRead MoreGambling is it Right or Wrong?2704 Words   |  11 Pagesï » ¿ Gambling --Is it Right or Wrong Gambling has been around forever, and I am sure it has always been a controversial issue. History and ethnography show us that, across societies of the past and present, gambling varies considerably with respect to its organization, social meanings, and how it is regarded in moral terms. (Binde,2005). Since the time when the guards for Jesus cast lots for his clothes, when Las Vegas was built and now today with theRead MorePro and Con of Liberalized Gambling in Texas7402 Words   |  30 PagesEfforts are once again underway in the legislature to bring casino-style gambling to Texas. It’s an idea that has failed in recent legislative sessions, but backers are hoping they’ve found the right formula for success in 2009. There are many appealing arguments on the side of pro-gambling groups. Keeping gambling money that is now going to Louisiana and Oklahoma in Texas is one popular idea. Reviving the state’s horse-raising industry by allowing slot machines at racetracks is another. Some advocates

American Architecture Free Essays

Beaux Arts, French for â€Å"fine arts,† describes a type of American architecture that was popular from 1890 to 1920. They have two roof styles: flat or low-pitched hip roof or a mansard roof. These buildings often feature decorative garlands, floral patterns, or shields on their walls. We will write a custom essay sample on American Architecture or any similar topic only for you Order Now The facade often has quoins, pilasters, or columns with Ionic or Corinthian capitals, and masonry walls of light-colored and smooth stone. Arched, pedimented windows were common. The first story uses stonework joints that are exaggerated, giving it a rusticated look, although the facade is usually symmetrical. There are several reasons why Beaux Arts style was a dominant choice of public building architecture from 1890 to 1920. Beaux Arts buildings were a popular architecture choice in prosperous urban settings in cities such as Washington, D. C. , New York, Boston, St. Louis and San Francisco, as well as Newport, Rhode Island. They were big, elaborate buildings to build, and their construction one was a way to show off your wealth if you were rich. Beaux Arts buildings were the style of choice for rich American industrial barons, for example. However, when the Great Depression hit in the late 1920s, these large buildings became too costly to build and maintain, and over time several were destroyed. Some have been preserved as public museums, schools, and clubhouses. Another reasons why they were dominant in public building style in America is the French influence. Americans who served in France during World War I saw examples of these buildings and helped make the style popular when they returned home. Americans who studied at France’s Ecole des Beaux-Arts, the best architectural school in the world at that time, advocated for this style of building when they returned to America. The Ecole also favored formal planning for the spatial relationships between buildings. This helped drive the American City Beautiful movement, which was popular during this time period. This idea also influenced AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE PAGE 3 the Beaux Arts-style employed by designer Richard Morris Hunt for Chicago’s 1893 World Columbian Exposition. After this, other large cities, including Cleveland, Philadelphia and Washington D. C. , used these formal design ideas in planning suburbs with massive parks and boulevards that were lined with landmark Beaux Arts-style houses. A further reason why Beaux Arts was a popular architectural choice is their roof’s appearance. The mansard roof became popular in attached urban town houses because it reduces the apparent height of the upper-floor living space as compared to other nearby buildings. It also gave the homeowner a full upper story of attic space to use, and so it became popular to use this style of roof in remodeling older buildings as well as for new ones. There were tax implications for this style here as well: in France, where the mansard roof originated, expanding a home ‘s â€Å"footprint† – adding additional rooms on the ground and increasing square footage – meant that the owner would be required to pay heavier taxes on the structure. Building â€Å"upward† – expanding square footage vertically rather than horizontally – constituted a â€Å"loophole† which helped the property owner to avoid increased taxation on his home. The Great Depression may have brought an end to the cost feasibility and popularity of these lovely structures. From about 1933 onward, homes that were constructed were smaller, plainer and more utilitarian. Fortunatly for us, but happily several of the old Beaux Arts have been preserved for our enjoyment and study in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New in cities across the country, including San Francisco, Portland Oregon, Chicago and Rochester New York. Even in times during which real estate markets fall, classic old homes such as Beaux Arts houses and buildings continue to command top prices. How to cite American Architecture, Papers

Identity Theft Essay Sample free essay sample

We all believe that individuality larceny will non go on to us and go less likely to concentrate on protecting our personal information. Yet. most people say I do non cognize anyone that would make such injury to me. it will non go on to me and it is the most common larceny that most victims portion. Did you know that the bulk of individuality larceny comes from household members? Family are the most common to steal the individuality of other household members. so ask yourself how of import is your personal information and are you really protecting yourself? Are you taking the proper safeguards? Is every history protected? In order to protect our individuality it is of import to understand what individuality larceny is. what stairss can be taken to forestall individuality larceny. what can be done to retrieve from individuality larceny and what Torahs are in topographic point to protect the consumer from individuality larceny. We will write a custom essay sample on Identity Theft Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Always keep in head that individuality larceny can go on to everyone this includes kids. Parents at times become despairing after measures were non able to be paid due to loss of occupation or other economic issues at that clip in order to maintain services on parents tend to take the individuality of their kids in order to go on holding electricity. H2O or overseas telegram. This is merely the beginning and although it may sound harmless but as it stands if the parent was non able to pay the services under their name how will they be able to pay their child’s measure? This is how most individuality larceny starts and before sing this form. read on and better understands before taking any drastic determinations that can be punishing in the long tally. What is Identity Theft?The act in which a personal takes another persons name and complete personal information in order to obtain stuffs through creditors or by populating the stolen individuality. Identity larceny occurs when person uses another person’s personally placing information. like a person’s name. Social Security figure. or recognition card figure or other fiscal information. without permission. to perpetrate fraud or other offenses. ( National Conference of State Legislatures. 2012 ) Identity larceny is a offense in which the punishment can change depending on the provinces but are chiefly classified as Felonies such as Larceny offenses. Larceny is defined by the Department of Justice as completed or attempted larceny of belongings or hard currency without personal contact. Incidents affecting larceny of belongings from within the sample family would sort as larceny if the wrongdoer has a legal right to be in the house ( such as a amah. bringing individual. or guest ) . If the wrongdoer has no legal right to be in the house. the incident would sort as a burglary. ( Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2011 ) The bulk of people believe that larceny is taking the belongings of others when in fact larceny is a affair of taking information or points that does non belong to the individual taking it. How can it be prevented?To forestall individuality larceny it is of import to maintain all personal records secured. When paying measures it is of import to avoid most on-line payments. If possible wage in individual or through a direct remunerator. There are many ways that persons expose their personal information to others such as. being at a supermarket and when paying opening the billfold in forepart of others and go forthing it unfastened until alteration or a reception is received is a premier illustration in today’s society. When place a individual should maintain personal information in safe locked countries. sooner. or in a concealed country that would be hard to entree to the unknown oculus. When disposing of information such as mail it is best to tear up all pertinent paperss that obtain names. history Numberss. references so on and so forth. Identity larceny can happen from a individual traveling through another’s single refuse or from stealing mail from a personal letter box. ( Federal Trade Commission. 2012 ) When choosing watchwords for Bankss or anything that can keep any type of information that can be used to distort individuality. choice different words with capitalisation and Numberss. this will do it more hard for others’ to think and obtain entree into histories. At times. personal information must be safe guarded from household members every bit good seeing as the bulk of individuality larceny are those closest to place. Without the proper attention of personal information the hazard of possible individuality larceny are greater. Everyone works difficult at obtaining a good recognition history in order to buy big points such as places. vehicles. or big purchase points that for most recognition can obtain. ( Federal Trade Commission. 2012 ) When persons are careless with their personal information other people have the ability to obtain these points under another’s name are higher and at times will non refund. which will take to debt and other legality issues. The best signifier of protection for individuality larceny are puting recognition qui vives that ticker histories. sends qui vives if and when a new history is opened or if a suspected action is taken that does non suit the current form of histories. Having such qui vives can minimise the hazard well therefore the importance of protecting personal information. How make you cognize when your individuality has been stolen?Consumers frequently realize their individuality has been stolen one time a annual recognition study is obtained. By this point the amendss can be inordinate and damaging to the persons’ recognition criterions. When obtaining recognition studies it is ever of import to verify all the histories that are shown with the information at manus in order to guarantee that it belongs at that place and that it is the person’s ain. ( Federal Trade Commission. 2012 ) When traveling through the recognition study verifying employers are besides of import since at times employers’ ask for recognition studies and will be on the study itself. Look for other names. references and day of the month of birth all of the basic information if overlooked can do a batch of harm. Other signifiers that would trip individuality larceny are being denied recognition which is common one time individuality larceny has occurred. Receiving recognition cards or recognition offers that was neer applied to or having calls sing points that were bought yet were non personally bought ( Federal Trade Commission. 2012 ) . These are ways to carefully supervise your recognition at manus. When seeking to use for recognition ever. if available. take to have the recognition study that the company has obtained. particularly if denied recognition when before it was granted without vacillation. Supplying all the information needed from companies to guarantee their protection every bit good as cognizing how to protect personal information will minimise hazards for individuality larceny. How to retrieve from individuality larceny.When individuality larceny has occurred there are stairss to follow to guarantee the best consequences. First review the recognition study and circle or high spot all histories that were non made personally. Second call each of the recognition agency and put up fraud qui vives. Be certain to document at what clip the call was made. who was the representative spoken to and what was said to turn to the issue. Besides. reach all companies of unauthorised histories and papers everything that was exchanged merely like the recognition agency. Third. petition for remotion through composing letters and turn outing that none of the histories were personally acquired and compose a missive to the recognition agency ratting of individuality larceny every bit good. Filing constabulary studies for individuality larceny are a large advantage for a better consequence in mending individuality and recognition. each company and agency will hold to admit withou t vacillation ; be certain to maintain this in head if individuality larceny happens to you. ( Federal Trade Commission. 2012 ) Recovering from individuality can be a painful and nerve-racking procedure for all persons. Some persons are able to retrieve a batch faster than others and others neer can retrieve. Sing today’s turnover rates for employment. there are many that are being laid away and others that have been laid off for long periods of clip and still hold non found another beginning of income. This is how of import holding a recognition mark is and how important it is to guarantee the information is in the right custodies. Merely know that if seeking for a better calling or occupation chance holding individuality larceny happen will forestall this chance. This is why protecting personal individuality is really important to persons otherwise the emotional toll that it takes on those without entree to retrieve are at high at hazard to go on the same form and damage their ain recognition. What is being done to forestall individuality larceny?Torahs have been put in topographic point that enforce companies to advise all their clients or clients if there is of all time any type of breach of security ( Kunick A ; Posner. 2011 ) . â€Å"Without inquiry. the Red Flags Rule affects a broad scope of organisations that face a hazard of individuality larceny. In order to follow with the regulation. these organisations must specify and implement policies and information systems that focus on roll uping. analysing. and pull offing information about clients and their histories in order to observe and forestall individuality larceny. † ( Kunick A ; Posner. 2011 ) Companies are under rigorous regulations and ordinances in order to protect the consumer from fraud or any unwanted activities. By understanding the Red Flags Rule an person can hold a better opportunity at facing creditors such as Bankss or recognition card companies when individuality larceny occur. It is of import to understand all the Torahs in topographic point that aid protect the consumer in instance of any type of larceny including individuality larceny. Be certain to careful know and larn the Torahs and when baffled speak to an expert before go oning any stairss this helps guarantee that everything is being done consequently. Without being decently educated. it can be a ambitious route when mending recognition. Keep in head that there are many resources online such as the Federal Trade Commission or the Department of Justice that have more information on how to protect individuality and what to make when it has happened and retrieving is needed. It is of import to understand that retrieving from individuality larceny can take months to old ages before any existent advancement is seen. Identity larceny takes victims on an emotional rollercoaster that at times makes it harder to retrieve. Bing able to be cognizant of how we dispose of our personal information or how we store our personal information are of import to us all when it involves everything that has been worked for in order to achieve our ends or dreams. At times we like to state to ourselves that even when cognizing what can be. we believe that it will non be. There are many things in life that we protect our kids. our repute. and everything we hold beloved to our Black Marias and our life-time of work is merely every bit of import. this includes our recognition. When we are careless or even for the slightest minute look the other manner with everything left out in the unfastened that is when the hazards have increased and could perchance lose that sense of protecti on that we thought we had. When our recognition is ruined it has non merely invaded our personal life but it will impact the manner we raise our kids and how we provide for them or even how we will be able to educate them and those around us. Be careful and retrieve that even though it may non go on to us we want to go on things as if we are victims of individuality larceny. We lose the things that are closest to us and merely recognize the harm when it has been excessively late to be repaired. make non allow this be the cause of is it excessively tardily? Mentions: National Conference of State Legislatures ( 2012 ) . Identity Theft State Statutes. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. ncsl. org/issues-research/banking/identity-theft-state-statutes. aspx Federal Trade Commission. ( 2012 ) . Contending Back Against Identity Theft. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Federal Trade Commission. gov/bcp/edu/microsites/idtheft/index. hypertext markup language Romanosky. S. . Telang. R. . A ; Acquisti. A. ( 2011 ) . Do informations breach revelation Torahs cut down individuality larceny? . Journal Of Policy Analysis A ; Management. 30 ( 2 ) . 256-286. doi:10. 1002/pam. 20567 Kunick. J. M. . A ; Posner. N. B. ( 2011. May/June ) . . Following the Red Flag Rules to Detect and Prevent Identity Theft Bureau of Justice Statistics. ( 2011 ) . Larceny/Theft. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tp A ; tid=322